Reported Speech

 Reported Speech

    

Direct Speech		Reported Speech
Present Simple	write(s)	Past Simple	wrote
Present Continuous	is/are writing	Past Continuous	was/were writing
Present Perfect	has written	Past Perfect	had written
Present Perfect Continuous	have/has been writing	Past Perfect Continuous	had been writing
Past Simple	wrote	Past Perfect	had written
Past Continuous	was/were writing	Past Perfect Continuous	had been writing
Future	will write	Conditional	would write
Modal Verbs – can; may, must ... write		Modal Verbs – could; might, had to .... write
Imperative	Write! Don’t write!	Infinitive	to write not to write

       

Some changes you have to pay attention to:

Time:
Now - at the time, then
Today - that day, on Monday etc
Tomorrow - the next/ the following day
Yesterday - the day before/ the previous day
This week - that week
Last week - the week before/ the previous week
an hour ago - an hour before/ earlier

Place:
here - there
this - that

these - those

Person:
you - I, she, he, we I - he/she
my - his/her

Changes aren't usually made if:

- the reporting verb is in the present: "I hope to see you soon" - She hopes to see you//him/ her soon.

- what is reported is still true: "I'm going to have a new house next month." - She said she's going to have a new house next month.

- modal verbs should, might, could, would and ought to are reported: "Cruz might already have arrived." - She said that Cruz might already have arrived.
For more information go to grammar books or visit, for instance, these links: 

https://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/tense-changes-when-using-reported-speech/

https://www.ef.com/english-resources/english-grammar/changing-time-and-place-references/

Examples:

“I love my new black jacket.”, Diana said. - Present Simple - Past Simple
 Diana said she loved her new black jacket.

" I went to this excellent shop yesterday," Rodrigo explained. - Past Simple - Past Perfect
Rodrigo explained Lourenço he had gone to that excellent shop the day before.

"They are going to the pool now", Guilherme shouted. - Present continuous - Past Continuous
Guilherme shouted they were going to the pool then.

"I was watching the movie at six o'clock", Henrique whispered. - Past Continuous - Past Perfect Continuous
Henrique whispered he was watching/ had been watching the movie at six o'clock.

"André has bought a new house in the city centre", Mariana shared with Carlos. - Present Perfect - Past Perfect
Mariana shared with Carlos that André had bought a new house in the city centre.

“I’ll buy a new cap”, Zé told Tomás. -Future "will" - Would
Zé told Tomás he would buy a new cap.

Note: Sentences in the Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous do not change.

Reported Questions

These questions are usually introduced with inquire, ask, want to know, wonder. When questions begin with a question word (what, when, where...), you also use it in your reported speech. 
Have a look:

"What is your favourite dish?" Margarida wanted to know.

Margarida wanted to know what my favourite dish was.

However, questions might also begin with an auxiliary verb (is, have, do) or with a modal.

 In this case, you have to introduce if or whether in your reported speech. 

Check it out:

"Do you like ice cream?" Margarida asked me.

Margarida asked if I liked ice cream.

Now it's time to work:

Challenge 1
Challenge 2
Challenge 3
Challenge 4
Challenge 5

Question Tags

This week we are working with question tags. 

Let's star with some examples showed on this video and then let's read and practice! As you can see, the author of the video provided you with some exercises, which I glued below. 

"Watch and fill in the question tags. 1. Oh you did, ...............? 2. It's great, ..............? 3. It never is , ..............? 4. You never stop talking, ..............? 5. You'd love that, .................? 6. Subtlety isn't her strong suit, .............? Listen again and match them to the use/feeling ('e' matches to 2 sentences). a) checking if someone agrees with your opinion (sounds certain). b) Checking that someone did something (sounds a little worried). c) An enthusiastic response to a positive statement/compliment (sounds happy). d) Accusing someone of hoping something bad will happen (sounds angry) e) Knows the answer already (sounds tired of the other person) - matches to 2 of the sentences. Think about how they pronounce the question tags too (to show feeling, does the intonation rise or fall, connected speech)"

Read the examples:

They are beautiful, aren’t they?

Verb to be in the affirmative                                        Tag with Verb to be in the negative 

I’m older than you, aren’t I?

First person singular                                              Tag turns into "aren't I"

Open the window, will you?

Instruction in the affirmative                                   Tag with "Will you"

Don’t forget to go to the supermarket, will you?

Instruction in the negative                                                                                                                         Tag with "Will you"

Let’s go for a walk, shall we?

Invitation "Let's ..."                                                   Tag turns into "Shall we"

He hadn't got a new car, had he?

Verb to have in the negative                                        Tag with Verb to have in the positive

The teacher gave you permission, didn't she?

A verb in the Past Simple in the affirmative                                                                              requires a Tag with didn't 

     Your parents didn't tell you, did they?

              A verb in the Past Simple in the negative                                                      requires a Tag with did 

üIf the sentence is positive, the QT (question tag) is negative

üIf the sentence is negative, the QT is positive

üThey are formed with the auxiliary verb or modal and the personal pronoun

üIf the verb is in the present simple or past simple, it is formed with do, does or did

üWith words such as, never, hardly, seldom, rarely the question tag is positive

Exception: with I am we have an irregular tag:

I am right, aren't I? and I am not right, am I?

Time to exercise:

https://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/questions/question_tags3.htm 

https://www.englishgrammar.org/question-tags-exercise-2/ 

Why is it important to learn English?

When I came across this video, I thought it could be a motivation for you to work harder in this subject.
Watch this video and take notes of information you consider to be important and worthwhile to highlight.

Welcome back amazing students of mine!

Hi everyone!

This week is THE week!

Everything is ready to receive you.
Remember that, to accomplish your dreams you need to work severely. Think twice about your goals and your priorities. Your games and your true friends will always be there, even if don't talk or play as much as before.

This is the time to focus and fight for your objectives!  Everything counts!...what you do and what you don't do.

I wish you all the best courageous pupils! 

Use of English

Dear Students,

You are going to have one last challenge!

Try these exercises:

https://www.examenglish.com/FCE/fce_reading.html

https://www.englishaula.com/en/cambridge-english-test-exam-preparation/cambridge-english-first-fce-b2/reading-use-of-english/exam-parts/exercise-practice-test/2-1-1-5954784519520256/

http://www.englishrevealed.co.uk/fce.php

http://www.cambridgeenglish.org/exams-and-tests/first/exam-format/

Reported Speech

 Reported Speech

    

Direct Speech		Reported Speech
Present Simple	write(s)	Past Simple	wrote
Present Continuous	is/are writing	Past Continuous	was/were writing
Present Perfect	has written	Past Perfect	had written
Present Perfect Continuous	have/has been writing	Past Perfect Continuous	had been writing
Past Simple	wrote	Past Perfect	had written
Past Continuous	was/were writing	Past Perfect Continuous	had been writing
Future	will write	Conditional	would write
Modal Verbs – can; may write		Modal Verbs – could; might write
Imperative	Write! Don’t write!	Infinitive	to write not to write

       

Some changes you have to pay attention to:

Time:
Now - at the time, then
Today - that day, on Monday etc
Tomorrow - the next/ the following day
Yesterday - the day before/ the previous day
This week - that week
Last week - the week before
an hour ago - an hour before/ earlier

Place:
here - there
this - that

these - those
Person:

I - he/she
my - his/her

Examples:

“I love my new black jacket.”, Diana said. - Present Simple - Past Simple
 Diana said she loved her new black jacket.

" I went to this excellent shop yesterday," Rodrigo explained. - Past Simple - Past Perfect
Rodrigo explained Lourenço he had gone to that excellent shop the day before.

"They are going to the pool now", Guilherme shouted. - Present continuous - Past Continuous
Guilherme shouted they were going to the pool then.

"I was watching the movie at six o'clock", André whispered. - Past Continuous - Past Perfect Continuous
André whispered he was watching/ had been watching the movie at six o'clock.

"Yumian has bought a new house in the city centre", Monica shared with Amaral. - Present Perfect - Past Perfect
Monica shared with Amaral that Yumian had bought a new house in the city centre.

“I’ll buy a new cap”, Dinis told Tomás. -Future "will" - Would
Dinis told Tomás he would buy a new cap.

Note: Sentences in the Past Perfect and Past Perfect Continuous do not change.

Reported Questions

These questions are usually introduced with inquire, ask, want to know, wonder . When questions begin with a question word (what, when, where...), you also use it in your reported speech. 
Have a look:

"What is your favourite dish?" Gabriela wanted to know.

Gabriela  wanted to know what my favourite dish was.

However, questions might also begin with an auxiliar verb (is, have, do) or with a modal.

 In this case, you have to introduce if or wether in your reported speech. 
Check it out:

"Do you like ice cream?" Margarida asked me.

Margarida asked if I liked ice cream.

Now it is time to work:

Challenge 1
Challenge 2
Challenge 3
Challenge 4
Challenge 5